Maryland Divorce Lawyer Blog

On Wednesday, February 24, 2010, Maryland Attorney General Doug Gansler issued an opinion stating that Maryland courts and officials should recognize as valid same-sex marriages performed in other states. The Attorney General believes that the Maryland Courts will follow his lead, as they have recognized marriages performed legally in other states as legal here in Maryland. For example, while common law marriage is not recognized in Maryland, if a couple was married due to a common law relationship in another state Maryland has recognized that as a valid marriage. Also, the Attorney General points out that Maryland has recognized increasing rights for same-sex couples in the recent past, including the right to adopt. This Opinion puts state officials on notice that the Attorney General believes that Maryland is bound by the constitution to recognize these marriages as valid in Maryland, and state agencies should begin extending married rights to the couples. For more information on same-sex marriages view our February 5, 2010 blog.

As stated in the August 15, 2009 blog, Maryland is a hybrid state in that a party filing for an absolute divorce may elect to proceed on fault (contested) or no-fault (uncontested) based grounds. The Maryland Code, Family Law § 7-103 states that there are six fault based grounds for an absolute divorce: adultery, desertion, cruelty of treatment, insanity, incarceration and excessively vicious conduct.

Adultery, or voluntary intercourse between a spouse and an individual other than their spouse who is of the opposite sex, is a fault based ground for divorce that requires no waiting period to file. However, while you do not have to show evidence of the actual intercourse between your spouse and his or her paramour you must be able to prove both the opportunity and disposition for the adulterous intercourse to be proven.

In order to file for an absolute divorce based on desertion the desertion must continue for one year uninterrupted before filing, must have been a final and deliberate act, and there must be no reasonable hope of reconciliation. Desertion can be either actual or constructive. Actual desertion occurs when the spouse leaves the home without cause, and constructive desertion occurs when a spouse's conduct justifies a leaving spouse to do so.

Cruelty of treatment and excessively vicious conduct are both fault based grounds that do not require any waiting period. Both grounds involve acts or a single act of violent conduct. Cruelty of treatment involves conduct that threatens or inflicts bodily harm upon a person or minor child of the parties. Excessively vicious conduct is usually acts of extreme domestic violence and may require a pattern of this violence.

Continue reading "Maryland Divorce: Fault Based Grounds for Divorce" »

The Maryland House Judiciary Committee has rejected a bill proposed by Delegate Emmett C. Burns, a Democrat from Baltimore County, that would prohibit the state from recognizing same-sex marriages lawfully performed in other states. The proposal "was seen as a pre-emptive strike against a legal opinion that state Attorney General Douglas F. Gansler has been working on since a senator requested it last year." The Attorney General has been known to favor legislation favoring same-sex marriages, but such legislation has not made it out of the committee. Despite attempted efforts to permit gay marriage, Maryland law still prohibits it. Maryland Code, Family Law 2-201 states that, “[o]nly a marriage between a man and a woman is valid in this State.” This issue has possible ramifications in custody and visitation between same-sex partners as explored in our November 27, 2009 blog.

The state of the current economy has left many of my clients trapped in a house with their current spouse, limiting their ability to file for an absolute divorce based on a one year separation (For more information on no fault divorce see our August 15, 2010 blog). The Baltimore Sun has reported that Montgomery County Delegate Luiz Simmons is fighting to change the necessity of actually living under separate roofs fro teh one yaer period. He is arguing that instead of having parties live separate and apart for one year, parties should just have to abstain from sex for one year. This would allow for couples in a financial predicament to remain in the same home while seeking a divorce. Many are protesting the proposal as it may make divorces more prominent in the state of Maryland. Delegate Simmon’s proposed bill states that the parties would need to testify that they have not resumed marital relations for one year. Currently, parties seeking a no fault divorce based on a one year separation must bring a witness who can confirm, amoung other things, that the parties have lived separate and apart for one year.

Continue reading "Maryland Delegate Proposes “No Sex” Divorce" »

The short answer is, they do not. Martial property is defined as “the property, however titled, acquired by 1 or both parties during the marriage.” Maryland Code, Family Law § 8-201(3). This includes a marital business acquired by one or both of the parties during the marriage. For more information on marital property division during a divorce proceeding see our Marital Property Blog from August 19, 2009 . Many times the issue of how to solve the 'division' of a martial business in a divorce proceeding is a complicated one due to stock ownership, the value of the business, and consideration of employees of the business.

In accordance with Maryland Code, Family Law § 8-202 (b) when the court determines the ownership of personal or real property, the court may: (1) grant a decree that states what the ownership interest of each party is; and (2) as to any property owned by both of the parties, order a partition or a sale instead of partition and a division of the proceeds. A business is not real or personal property and due to how the stock of the company is held, a sale of the business may not always be a viable option. In the recent case of Turner v. Turner, 147 Md. App. 350 (2002) the Court of Special Appeals found that they could not order sale of the marital business or partition (divide) the marital business, awarding wife 50% of the business, because the husband owned 87% of the shares of stock in the company and Wife owned the remaining shares. The court does not have the authority to re-title stock and does not have the authority to sell it. Therefore in Turner, the court awarded the wife a larger percentage of the parties total value of marital property (a monetary award). What this means is that when a marital business is an issue and stock is held by both husband and wife, but titled individually, in addition to divorce proceedings, an action to dissolve the corporation may also be necessary if parties are unable or unwilling to continue to work/ run the business together.

Continue reading "How Do Courts Divide a Marital Business in a Maryland Divorce" »

Maryland’s second highest court filed an opinion in the case of Guzman Cruz v. Clemencia Silva on November 25, 2009, which held that a spouse can be awarded alimony absent a divorce. The idea of alimony disconnected from a divorce, although a strange scenario for most to imagine, has long been a reality in Maryland. For more information regarding alimony see our October 2, 2009 and October 13, 2009 blog posts.

The Cruz’s came to the Circuit Court for Princes George’s County on January 9, 2008, both seeking a divorce but did not prove legally sufficient grounds for the divorce. However, the Judge awarded custody of the two minor children to Clemencia, ordered Guzman to pay her $764.00 per month in child support, and $1,500.00 per month in alimony. Guzman appealed to the Court of Special Appeals contending that the trial court erred in awarding alimony to Clemencia without granting a divorce and without properly determining the type and amount of alimony. The Court stated that Maryland has long recognized that the common law obligation of alimony was the obligation of husband to provide support to wife (or wife to husband). This is evidenced by Maryland Code, Family Law Section 11-101(a)(1), which provides that a court may award alimony not only in a decree of divorce, but also in a bill of complaint for alimony. The Court of Special Appeals held that while a spouse can be awarded alimony absent a divorce, that in this case the award was an error as a spouse still has to prove a case that would entitle him or her to alimony.

Continue reading "Recent Maryland Court of Special Appeals Ruling on Alimony" »

When disclosing or researching your marital property in a Maryland divorce action, it is important that clients are informed that any portion of a retirement account accrued during the marriage is marital property. For more information on marital property in Maryland, see Maryland Code, Family Law 8-203 and see August 19, 2009 blog. The courts in Maryland have the authority to transfer any percentage of the martial portion of the retirement account whether it be a pension, profit sharing plan, deferred compensation plan, thrift savings account, 401k or IRA from one spouse to the other, Maryland Code, Family Law §8-205. The court may apply one of several methods when valuing the marital portion of the retirement account, all of which an attorney would be able to advise you.

In order for a portion of the retirement benefit to be transferred a Qualified Domestic Relations Order, otherwise known as a QDRO, must be signed by a Judge and submitted to the plan administrator. The QDRO is an order by the court to modify the payee of all or a portion of the retirement plan. Each plan administrator may require a different type of QDRO and QDRO’s must comply with the ERISA (The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) laws, so it may be important to hire an attorney to assist you in this drafting process.

With the holidays approaching many parents in divided households may be facing uncertainty or conflicts as to where their child(ren) will be spending the holiday. The Maryland Court system in years past has implemented specific instructions for what is known as “holiday court,” or the process that takes place in order to resolve these holiday access disputes. We have collected information from a few of the surrounding venues to find out how they will be handling this year’s (2009) holiday disputes.

Baltimore County Circuit Court
Baltimore County Circuit Court will consider holiday visitation disputes from November 23, 2009-December 19, 2009, and all disputes shall be submitted to Judge Dugan, who will assign each matter to a particular Judge on a rotating basis. When the case is assigned to the Judge who will hear the holiday dispute, the party should contact the Judge’s chambers with the name and contact information for all parties involved, the details of any efforts to reach an agreement between the parties, what relief each party is requesting, and what each party is proposing the holiday access schedule be.

Baltimore City Circuit Court
Baltimore City Circuit Court is hearing holiday visitation issues on December 8, 2009 and December 17, 2009 in front of Master Kelly. All requests for a holiday visitation hearing should be filed with the clerk’s office with a copy sent to the Family Law Coordinator as well.

Harford County Circuit Court
Harford County Circuit Court will forward all pleadings involving holiday disputes to the Family Law Coordinator, who will set the dispute in for a hearing either before a Judge or Master.

Continue reading "Holiday Disputes in Maryland Custody and Visitation Matters" »

Divorce is a civil proceeding and therefore like all civil proceedings, the action shall be brought in the county or city where the Defendant (opposing spouse) resides, carries on a regular business, is employed, or habitually engages. However, unlike other civil proceedings a divorce proceeding may additionally be filed where the Plaintiff (spouse filing for the divorce) resides. In addition civil actions regarding custody may be filed where the father, alleged father, mother or child resides. Maryland Code, Courts and Judicial Proceedings, 6-202.

Although this may seem like a simple concept, filing in the wrong county/city, may subject your case to removal to another county upon a motion because of “inappropriate venue.” This may and most likely will cause a delay to your proceeding and will cause you to incur additional attorney fees. Additionally, you should keep in mind that if the grounds for divorce occur in Maryland, one of the parties must be a domiciliary of Maryland and if the grounds for divorce occur outside of Maryland, one of the parties must have resided in Maryland for at least one year prior to the filing of the action for divorce. Maryland Code, Family Law, 7-101.

Continue reading "In What County or City Should Your Maryland Divorce Be Filed?" »

In Maryland alimony terminates, unless the parties agree otherwise, upon any of the following four events: (1) death of either party (2) the date specified by the court (rehabilitative alimony) (3) upon remarriage of either party or (4) if the Court finds termination is necessary in order to avoid an inequitable result. Maryland Code, Family Law § 11-108.

Many clients ask if cohabitating with a new partner is the same as re-marriage for the purposes of termination of alimony. The answer is no, unless the parties agree otherwise (via a separation agreement). However, this does not mean that the paying ex-spouse can not seek a modification based upon the marriage type relationship. According to the Maryland Court of Appeals case Gordon v. Gordon, 342 Md. 294 (1996), the Court should consider the following factors when determining if a relationship amounts to cohabitation for purposes of terminating alimony according to separation agreement between the parties: establishment of common residence, long term romantic involvement, shared assets or bank accounts, joint contribution to household finances, and/or recognition of the relationship by the community. The Court in Gordon specifically states that the following provision included in a separation agreement properly defines cohabitation:

For the purposes of this agreement the term “remarriage of the Wife” shall be defined as either a ceremonial civil or religious marriage or a situation whereby the wife habitually and continuously resides with another man without benefit of a marriage ceremony for a period of 120 days consecutively or 120 days cumulatively within a sixteen-month period.
The parties may also agree, via separation agreement, that alimony may not be modified at any time. Otherwise, upon petition by the paying party, and a change in circumstance the Court may modify alimony at any time. Maryland Code, Family Law § 11-107.

Continue reading "Follow Up on Maryland Alimony—When Does Alimony Terminate in Maryland?" »

Alimony, also known as spousal support, is a payment or a series of payments made from a former spouse to the other that serves as a continuation of the economic responsibilities made during the marriage. There are three types of alimony awarded in Maryland. The first is pendente lite alimony (PL alimony) which is awarded to a spouse during the limited period while the case is pending. The purpose of PL alimony is to keep the status quo of the parties while the divorce action is pending, so that one party does not have an unfair economic advantage over the other. The second type of alimony is rehabilitative alimony. This is alimony that is awarded by the Court only for a set period of time. This period of time is for the purpose of allowing the receiving former spouse to rehabilitate themselves from economic dependence to economic independence through education or training. The third type of alimony is indefinite alimony which the Court only awards in 2 situations. First, when due to age, illness, infirmity or disability the former spouse seeking alimony cannot reasonably be expected to make progress towards becoming self-supporting. Second, when even after the former spouse seeking alimony will have made progress towards becoming self-supporting, the parties’ respective living standards would be unconscionably disproportionate.
Many clients inquire as to how alimony is determined and may be under the wrong impression that like child support , alimony is calculated using a set guideline or formula. There is no formula or guideline for calculating alimony in Maryland, and it is the Judge's discretion as to whether or not to award alimony. The amount and duration of alimony in Maryland is determined by the Court after considering a list of factors. Maryland Code, Family Law 11-106 states the factors, which are as follows:
(1) the ability of the party seeking alimony to be wholly or partly self-supporting;
(2) the time necessary for the party seeking alimony to gain sufficient education or training to enable that party to find suitable employment;
(3) the standard of living that the parties established during their marriage;
(4) the duration of the marriage;
(5) the contributions, monetary and nonmonetary, of each party to the well-being of the family;
(6) the circumstances that contributed to the estrangement of the parties;
(7) the age of each party;
(8) the physical and mental condition of each party;
(9) the ability of the party from whom alimony is sought to meet that party's needs while meeting the needs of the party seeking alimony;
(10) any agreement between the parties;
(11) the financial needs and financial resources of each party, including:
(i) all income and assets, including property that does not produce income;
(ii) any award made under §§ 8-205 and 8-208 of this article;
(iii) the nature and amount of the financial obligations of each party; and
(iv) the right of each party to receive retirement benefits; and
(12) whether the award would cause a spouse who is a resident of a related institution as defined in § 19-301 of the Health - General Article and from whom alimony is sought to become eligible for medical assistance earlier than would otherwise occur.

Continue reading "How is Alimony Calculated in a Maryland Divorce?" »

A common belief is that a spouse may obtain a quick annulment of a marriage versus an actual divorce if they have been married for less than six months. While that may be the case elsewhere, it is not the case in the State of Maryland. In Maryland, an annulment can only be granted when a marriage is invalid because it is void or voidable, never due to the length of time, or lack thereof, that the parties resided together as husband and wife. The grounds for an annulment, making the marriage void or voidable, arise before the date of the actual marriage ceremony.

A void marriage was never valid, and a party can not waive the grounds that make the marriage void because these grounds implicate public policy concerns. Not only can a party to the marriage file for an annulment of this marriage, but so can a third party. A marriage is void if at the time of the marriage ceremony: either party was legally married to someone else, if you are related to your marriage partner, or if one of the marriage parties is insane or lacks the mental capacity to enter into the marriage. Not too long ago, I had a case where I obtained an annulment for a client because her husband was actually still married to his first wife. She thought her ‘husband’ was divorced and in fact, so did he, believing that he had obtained a divorce in another country over ten years ago. Needless to say, her ‘husband’ was served with a Complaint for Absolute Divorce from his first wife, after being ‘married’ to his second wife (my client) for four years. Ultimately the Mexican divorce he thought he had been granted over ten years ago, was not obtained in accordance with the Laws of the State of Maryland and he was still legally married to his first wife. In that situation, my client’s marriage was annulled because the marriage was never valid from the beginning – it was void.

A voidable marriage is valid until you receive an annulment and the grounds that make the marriage voidable are waiveable and can only be raised by the parties to the marriage. A marriage is voidable if at the time of the marriage ceremony one of the parties to the marriage was not of legal age, if the marriage was entered into under duress (physical force) or fraud (misrepresentation or concealment from one party to the other that is essential to the marriage), and if one of the parties lacked capacity to enter into the marriage due to mental illness and/or temporary lack of capacity (think Britney Spears in Las Vegas).

Continue reading "Annulments instead of a Divorce in Maryland" »

In light of the Jon and Kate’s recent news and Kate Gosselin’s filing for a no-fault divorce, I have received many questions asking what is a “no-fault” divorce? Although the Gosselin’s divorce proceedings will be held in Pennsylvania, the law in Pennsylvania is similar to Maryland, in that a party filing for divorce may elect to proceed on fault (contested) or no-fault (uncontested) based grounds.

In Maryland, a no-fault (uncontested) divorce is based on the understanding that the marriage is irretrievably broken. Meaning, that the husband and wife mutually and voluntarily separated from one another, there is no hope or expectation of a reconciliation, and they are and have been living separate and apart without cohabitation for a period of at least one year. If the prior conditions are met, either spouse may file for a divorce once they have been separated for 365 consecutive days. If only one spouse believes that the marriage is irretrievably broken, that spouse may file for a no-fault (uncontested) divorce after the parties live separate and apart for 24 months.

Often a client who has fault (contested) based grounds to file for a divorce, may additionally or alternatively want to file on no-fault (uncontested) based grounds. Depending on the particular issues of the case, a no-fault (uncontested) divorce may be less expensive, and quicker. It is important to keep in mind, however, that regardless of fault (contested) or no-fault (uncontested) grounds, a divorce must still resolve all of the issues arising out of the marriage. Those issues may range from child related issues, such as custody, child access, and child support to whether one spouse is granted a monetary award. So while the actual grounds for divorce may be uncontested, the issues arising from the marital relationship may in fact be contested. In the case of Jon and Kate, unless a settlement is reached, the divorce itself may move forward on no-fault (uncontested) grounds, but the child related issues and the division of the marital estate may in fact be litigated.